Precipitation technique
Immuno chemical technique- Precipitation
Made by-
Vanie Singh
Department of Botany
Himachal Pradesh university
·
Antigen reacts with
antibodies to form the antigen-antibody complex.
·
Depending upon
the size of nature of the complex and the nature of the antigen, two types of reactions
are known
1.
Agglutination
2.
Precipitation
·
When a soluble
antigen having at least 2 or more antibody binding sites react with the
corresponding antibody in suitable concentration, it leads to the formation of
large antigen-antibody complex which is visible to the naked eye as a
precipitation reaction. Such reactions are called precipitation reactions.
·
On the other hand
when the antigen is of particulate nature, its reaction with the antibody leads
to visible clumping called agglutination. E.g., Routine blood grouping
Precipitins and Precipitation
v Antibodies leading to precipitation reactions
are called precipitins.
v They are usually bivalent to polyvalent.
v Both the antigen and antibody have to be in
the optimal concentration so that the antigen and antibody molecule can react
with many molecules to form a large complex appearing a precipitate.
v In excess of either the antigen or antibody
small are soluble complexes are formed that do not appear as precipitate.
v For e.g., when antigen is in excess, most of
it is present in the free unbound form in the supernatant.
v Ony few antigen molecules are bound to the
antibody forming small and soluble antigen-antibody complexes.
v Similarly in antibody excess, only few
antibodies are bound to antigen and most of them are again present in free form
in the supernatant.
v It is at the optimal concentration ratio of
the antigen and antibody concentration, that the precipitation occurs.
Refrences:
1.
Kuby
2.
Dr. S.K
Gupta
3.
Anil k.
Sharma
4.
Dr. P.
Madhavee Latha
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